Owing to its radiation effects on the radiation-sensitive materials and devices as well as biological entities and crew members onboard spacecraft，the extreme and complex space radiation environment has been identified as a significant challenge threatening the long-term operational reliability of spacecraft and the success of space missions.To accurately analyze the influence of radiation effects on in-orbit spacecraft and implement necessary protective design measures，research teams from international organizations including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration （NASA），the European Space Agency （ESA），and Centre National d'études Spatiales （CNES） have conducted extensive investigations over recent decades，developing diverse simulation analysis methods and tools for space radiation effects.This paper comprehensively reviews the knowledge graph encompassing space radiation environments，various radiation effects，and the evolutionary development of domestic and international radiation effect simulation tools.The typical applications and critical roles of space radiation effect simulation technologies in space missions are summarized，while critically evaluating the limitations in existing radiation effect analysis methods and tools.Finally，the emerging trends and prioritized research directions for radiation effect simulation technologies in future space applications are proposed.