The recycling of discarded masks has become a key research direction to deal with environmental pollution and waste of resources. As the main component of masks, polypropylene fiber has attracted more and more attention in the application of cement-based building materials due to its renewability. This paper reviews the application status of discarded masks in cement-based building materials, and summarizes the recycling technologies of discarded masks, including cutting, hot extrusion, shredder and wall breaker. Studies have shown that the incorporation of discarded mask fibers has a significant impact on the mechanical properties, fluidity and durability of materials such as concrete, mortar and road base. In addition, the influences of different application scenarios on the performance of materials are also different, which provides a basis for further exploring the resource utilization of discarded masks and provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the sustainable development of cement-based building materials.