Using the distributed light-sensing wind speed monitoring system installed on the transmission line，the impactof squall line wind and typhoon on the transmission line are captured by analyzing the wind speed time-space distribution characteristics and change trends，and the trajectory of the transmission line channel is realized. The squall line wind moves from the large end to the trumpet end of the line，affecting the duration of less than two hours，while the typhoon transits the line with a length of 30 km and is in the eye of the typhoon with a clear structure. In the eye area，the wind force suddenly increases，and the early warning is discriminated through the corresponding early warning mechanism. The measured cases show that the wind speed monitoring technology based on distributed light sensing can effectively monitor the impact of strong winds on transmission lines in real time，and provide first-hand data support for the power department to formulate corresponding operation and maintenance measures according to its scope and degree. It provides an important data source for meteorological departments to study gale activities.