Temperature field and pump-face thermal distortion field of a rectangle Nd∶GdVO4 crystal end-pumped by the diode laser with Gauss mode was researched by the analytical theory. Through work characteristic analysis of Nd∶GdVO4 crystal by a diode laser end-pumped, a thermal model was built according to the actual working state. A new solution of the heat conduct equation was introduced, and the general solution of temperature field and pump-face thermal distortion field of rectangle Nd∶GdVO4 crystal were obtained. Some relevant parameters, which would influence temperature field distribution, were analyzed simultaneously. The result shows that when the output power of diode laser is 15 W, the pump-face centre of 1.2 at.-% neodymium-doped Nd∶GdVO4 crystal can get 189 ℃ maximal temperature rise and has 1.37 μm thermal distortion. The method can also be applied to analyze thermal problems of other laser crystals.