This paper briefly introduces particle image velocimetry (PIV) technology and summarizes the R&D of algorithms for velocity field calculation in the PIV image treatment. More attentions are paid to various applications of PIV in ship experimental test, and elaborate on them from three aspects, including the flow fields around surface ships and underwater vehicles, as well as ship air flow fields. Finally, the direction for the R&D of PIV technology in ship fields is put forward. In terms of the speed measurement hardware system, PIV algorithms and ship flow field research, several problems requiring further study are highlighted, suggestions on the measurement of ship flow field are given. This study has certain reference and guiding significance for future research on flow field performance optimization.