Nonlinear refraction and optical limiting properties in the novel nanocomposite based on C 60 structured system with gold nanoparticles were investigated by Z-scan technique and optical limiting experiment with Q switched, double frequency ns/ps Nd∶YAG laser pulses. The experimental results show that the nonlinear refraction mainly results from the surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles in the nanocomposite. The optical limiting properties of the nanocomposite is stronger than that of C 60 toluene solution. The optical limiting mechanisms were discussed.