Primary school is a key period of growth for children and adolescents, and it is also the main battle field for the prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents. Taking “prevention and control of myopia in primary schools in Shenzhen” as the research object, through in-depth interviews, questionnaire survey and other methods, we analyzed the problems in the implementation of myopia prevention and control in primary schools and put forward corresponding countermeasures. The study aimed to promote the prevention and control of myopia in primary schools by improving the educational evaluation system, the inspection system of myopia prevention and control in schools, deepening the publicity and education of myopia in schools, strengthening the management of students' use of electronic products, and promoting the incentive mechanism related to the prevention and control of myopia.