The application scenarios of visible light communication signals are different. In order to achieve information transmission and reception in practical visible light application scenarios, a visible light communication signal detection method based on compressive sensing is proposed. The method first establishes a visible light communication channel model, and obtains the current visible light communication signal, uses the compressed sensing algorithm, obtains the visible light communication signal without Gaussian white noise, analyzes the main component analysis of the visible light communication signal characteristic parameters, and obtains the different signal features of the visible light communication signal in the visible light communication signal. Then, principal component analysis is performed on the characteristic parameters of the visible light communication signal to obtain different signal features within the visible light communication signal, After modulating the visible light communication signal based on this feature, the detection result of the visible light communication signal is obtained. The experimental results show that the visible light communication channel model established by this method can accurately obtain the visible light communication signal in the current environment. After implementing compressed sensing reconstruction on the visible light communication signal, the interference noise contained in the signal can be effectively removed, and different types of communication signals in the visible light communication signal can be accurately detected. The application effect is significant.