Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRI) is an irreplaceable technology in the field of biosensing, which is based on the principle of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), where a surface plasmon wave is excited at the interface between a metal and a dielectric medium by the strong interaction between photons and free electrons on the metal surface when irradiated by a light of a specific frequency and angle. This surface plasma wave is exceptionally sensitive to small changes in the refractive index near the interface, and it is this property that enables SPRI to monitor biomolecular interactions in real time with a high degree of accuracy. Through SPRI technology, researchers can observe the dynamic changes of biomolecules on the cell surface and reveal the interaction mechanism between cells and biomolecules, so as to deeply understand the microscopic mechanism of life phenomena. Secondly, SPRI technology has the advantages of non-labelling, high sensitivity and high specificity, which can achieve ultra-sensitive detection of trace biomarkers. This is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment of diseases, as early detection of disease markers can significantly improve treatment effects and patient survival rates. In addition, SPRI technology also has high-throughput detection capability, which enables the detection of a large number of samples in a short period of time, which is of great significance in the fields of drug screening and disease monitoring. Therefore, the development of SPRI technology not only promotes the progress of biosensing technology, but also brings revolutionary changes in the fields of life science, medical diagnosis, and environmental monitoring. In recent years, SPRI technology has made remarkable progress in various aspects. In terms of in-depth understanding of the basic principles and application expansion, the research on SPR principle and SPRI principle has become more thorough, so that its application scope in biomolecular detection has been continuously expanded. In terms of technology classification, prism-coupled SPRI has been continuously optimised, its stability and reproducibility have been further improved, and its accuracy in quantitative analysis of biomolecular interactions has been continuously enhanced; non-prism-coupled SPRI has been developing rapidly, and grating-coupled SPRI has made new breakthroughs in the integration of microfluidic chips for detection and the construction of biosensor arrays because of its compactness and flexibility of design, while waveguide-coupled SPRI has made new breakthroughs in the integration of microfluidic chips for detection and the construction of biosensor arrays because of its high integration and flexibility. The high integration and good spatial resolution of SPRI show more advantages in micro-bioanalysis systems and biomolecular imaging and localisation applications. The improvement of imaging technology is remarkable, through the optimisation of optical system, such as the use of high-quality lenses, improving the performance of detectors and reducing light scattering and other measures, the clarity of imaging has been effectively improved; the design and application of nanostructures, such as nanoparticle arrays and nanopore arrays, have successfully broken through the diffraction limit of traditional optical imaging, and greatly improved the spatial resolution. Multimodal imaging fusion has become a new development trend, combining SPRI with fluorescence imaging, Raman imaging, infrared imaging, terahertz imaging, etc., which realizes the simultaneous acquisition and comprehensive analysis of multi-dimensional information of biomolecules and enriches the connotation of detection information. Real-time dynamic imaging has also made great progress, high-speed detectors, fast data acquisition systems, efficient data processing algorithms and microfluidic technology synergies, making it possible to accurately capture biomolecular interactions and cellular activity and other dynamic processes of the instantaneous changes, for in-depth study of the dynamics of biological processes provide a powerful means. In the field of biosensing, the application has been deepened, in cell research, real-time monitoring of cell surface receptor-ligand interactions, cell adhesion and migration processes, as well as intracellular biomolecule changes, which provides comprehensive technical support for cell biology research; in the field of biomarker detection, the detection of biomarkers for various types of diseases is constantly improving the sensitivity and specificity, and the scope of the detection is constantly expanded; in the field of bacterial and In the field of virus detection, it can not only rapidly and accurately detect the presence and number of pathogens, but also deeply study the interaction between pathogens and host cells, opening up a new pathway for the research and development of antibacterial and antiviral drugs. Surface plasmon resonance imaging, as a revolutionary tool in the field of biosensing, has profoundly impacted many areas of life sciences, medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring with its ability to monitor biomolecular interactions in real time, and its advantages of non-labelling, high sensitivity and high throughput detection. Looking ahead, with the development of technology optimisation, multimodal imaging fusion, application expansion, miniaturisation and integration, as well as intelligence and automation, SPRI technology will further enhance its detection performance, broaden its application scope, provide more accurate and efficient solutions for scientific research and social development, and continue to promote technological progress and innovation in related fields.