Single-photon ranging technology breaks through the limitations of traditional laser ranging systems, demonstrating broad application prospects in weak signal detection scenarios. However, its high sensitivity restricts effective deployment in complex environments characterized by strong background noise. In response to the needs of this technology in practical ranging situations, the evaluation criteria for ranging capability were analyzed are analyzed based on the principles of single-photon ranging. A methodology is proposed to improve ranging performance by filtering noise photoelectrons to reduce false alarms, with corresponding photoelectron counting thresholds and judgment criteria established. Through experimental verification, the effectiveness of filtering through photoelectron counting thresholds in noise reduction is determined, which can effectively improve the resolution of target signals for the detectors within a certain range. This theoretical framework can be integrated with overall design and algorithm optimization of detection systems, offering substantial potential for advancing single-photon ranging technology.