The laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used to synchronized detection the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in compound fertilizers. Applied the partial least squares (PLS) method on 10 selected samples which are known as the calibration samples to establish quantitative analysis regression models of different components. Then, use 5 untested samples to test the result of quantitative analysis regression models. Finally compare the predictive value with the reference obtained by the conventional inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) method. The result shows that the average relative errors (REP) are less than 8% mass fraction. The relative standard deviation (RSD) is less than 7% mass fraction. The detection limits (LOD) are 0.16%, 0.21% and 0.50% mass fraction. The experimental verify the applicability of the laser induced breakdown spectroscopy in synchronization rapid and accurate measurement of the three major fertilizer nutrients.