To solve the problems of the use and protection of existing deck anti-skid composite coatings under special service conditions such as high-temperature and high-speed air erosion, we prepared a 316L stainless steel corrosion-resistant bottom layer and 316L+(ZrO2-8%Y2O3) anti-skid top layer on a Q235 carbon steel surface using the laser cladding technology. Corrosion electrochemical analysis was carried out to investigate the corrosion electrochemical behavior of the coatings in a marine environment. Furthermore, the microstructure and the internal structure of the coatings were characterized via the modern analytical testing techniques, including X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. At different temperatures (200 ℃, 400 ℃, and 1000 ℃), the heat resistance and microstructures of the coatings were compared. The results show that the novel Fe-based composite coating exhibits good corrosion resistance, which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the carbon steel matrix. At the high-temperature condition of 1000 ℃, there was no obvious peeling and cracks on the surface of the Fe-based coating, indicating good high-temperature resistance.