In order to validate the possibility of using the optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging technology to non-invasively exam the ancient porcelain and using the section characteristics of the glaze reflected by OCT images to ancient porcelain classification, an OCT imaging system is used to test 8 different type and color ancient porcelain chips selected from 5 different kilns. The section structure images of these samples are obtained. The characteristics of OCT images about the size and distribution of bubbles and strong scattering particles, the uniformity, stratification and transmittance of the glaze layer are analyzed. The experimental results show that the imaging characteristics of 8 different ancient porcelain samples obtained by OCT imaging technology have significant difference, illustrating that species and kilns of glaze can be distinguished based on the section characteristics by OCT imaging technology.