Seventeen pieces of painted terracotta have been unearthed from the Western Han Dynasty Tomb at Lianying, Liuji in Yizheng, Jiangsu Province, during the excavation of terracotta, the remains pigment of terracotta flaked off with the mud layer. By taking samples of the mud layers with pigments, the ultra-depth-of-field microscopic observation, Raman spectroscopy and Sem energy spectrum analysis were carried out, and the results show that red pigment is cinnabar, white pigment is kaolinite and yellow pigment is realgar. Pigment purity is very high and less impurities, it can be found that the painted terracotta technology on pigment quality requirements are very high. The results provide important information for the archaeological culture of Han tombs in Jiangsu Province.