According to the demand for high imaging quality and high chromaticity in color digital cameras, we investigated the optical system design and camera spectral optimization methods of 3CMOS cameras based on Philips prisms. By constructing the model of the optical path of the Philips prism, the structural parameters of the prism were optimized. The volume of the system was reduced while ensuring total internal reflection and exit window size. Based on this method, the Philips prism 3CMOS camera optical system was designed, with a field of view angle of 45 ° and a relative aperture of 1/2.8. The system's MTF was greater than 0.4 in the full field of view and full band at Nyquist sampling frequency of 110 lp/mm. Subsequently, based on the fundamental principles of chromaticity, a vector imaging model for Philips prism cameras was established. The problem of thin film spectral shift caused by changes in light incidence angle was analyzed, and a correction model for spectral shift under wide beam conditions was proposed. Four sets of optical thin films in the camera were designed and optimized using this model. Through optical path simulation experiments and color error analysis, based on the optimized camera spectrum, the average color error of the system was reduced by 15.8%, and the color non-uniformity of the image plane was reduced by 60%. The results indicate that the designed optical system has good imaging quality, and the optimized camera spectrum achieves good color performance and uniformity.