There is a problem of detail loss in the images collected by distributed photoelectric sensors. To address the above issues, a distributed photoelectric sensor based image visual communication enhancement method based on SPGD algorithm is studied. Perform color correction on images collected by distributed photoelectric sensors to restore the true color of the image. Using clustering algorithms to divide pixels in an image into several homogeneous regions with similar characteristics. For each region, the SPGD algorithm is used to implement detail enhancement processing, and after fusion, the complete visual communication enhanced image is obtained. The results show that with the enhancement of SPGD algorithm, the image texture becomes clearer, the details are significantly enhanced, the image information entropy can reach over 16, the MSE is basically maintained at around 0.1, and the PSNR value can reach up to 33.5 dB, indicating that the enhanced image contains more detail information, has less distortion, and has a good image enhancement effect.