Accurate and efficient explosive detection technologies facilitate real-time monitoring of blasting materials throughout their storage, transportation, and usage, enabling the prompt identification of expired or unstable explosives. Furthermore, trace detection methods can detect residues of illegal explosives, offering technical support for safety supervision and public security, while striking a balance between engineering efficiency and environmental safety. This study introduces an optical fiber Raman sensor utilizing silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) for the explosive detection of explosives. By integrating Raman spectroscopy with fiber-optic sensing technology, it achieves highly sensitive spectral detection and efficient signal transmission specifically for TNT detection. The AgNCs substrate, modified with silver-sulfur bonds and functionalized with 4-ATP, acts as a capture probe for TNT. The formation of the TNT-4-ATP complex significantly amplifies the SERS signal of TNT, resulting in a detection limit (LOD) as low as 10^-10 M.