To meet the demand for the coordinated treatment of multiple pollutants in industrial flue gas, a catalytic filtration material preparation process based on the composite of denitration catalyst and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fiber needle-punched felts was proposed to achieve the integration of efficient removal of nitrogen oxides in flue gas and dust filtration functions. The vanadium-titanium-based catalyst was loaded onto the surface of PTFE fiber needle-punched felts by impregnation method, and the influence of the ratio of catalyst, sodium silicate and surfactant in the impregnation solution on the chemical performance of the filter was systematically investigated. The tests show that when the mass fraction of sodium silicate in the impregnating liquid is increased from 0.5% to 7.5%, the catalyst loading in the filatration material is significantly improved, up to a maximum of 293 g/m². However, excessive catalyst content can induce surface cracking, leading to structural discontinuity. The introduction of surfactants and sodium silicate effectively enhance the bonding strength between the catalyst and PTFE fibers, meeting the technical requirement of a conventional coating strength of≥0.1 MPa. However, the tape peeling test shows that the catalyst loss rate is 23.5% to 50.4%, which needs further optimization. Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicates that the catalyst is uniformly dispersed, but there are cracks at the microscopic interface. The manufacturing process of the catalytic filter material needs to be further optimized.