Since the explosion field temperature has the characteristics of rapid change，wide range and uneven distribution，it is always a difficult problem to measure the true temperature of the two-dimensional explosion field. Therefore，a common aperture multispectral explosion field transient and two-dimensional temperature measurement system is proposed. A multi-spectral imaging system based on aperture segmentation is studied to realize the simultaneous acquisition of temperature images of four spectra. The calibration of the experimental system is completed by high-speed camera and high temperature blackbody furnace. The relationship curve between the actual gray value ratio and the theoretical radiance ratio is fitted by polynomial，and the temperature is retrieved by combining the principle of colorimetric temperature measurement. The experimental results show that the developed system can obtain the two-dimensional explosion field multi-band image in real time and measure the temperature. The measurement range is 2 057~2 818 K，and the calibration temperature measurement accuracy error is not more than 1%. The system provides a technical approach for the information collection of transient 2-D temperature measurement，and is of great significance for the study of explosion mechanism and thermal damage effect.