In view of the problem that urban cables or communication cables are often damaged by external forces caused by municipal construction， a monitoring method based on optical sensing technology for power pipeline optical cables is proposed in this paper. The principle and architecture of the monitoring system are analyzed and studied. The vibration device is used to simulate the test above the optical cable channel， and the field data are analyzed and verified. The results show that the power pipeline optical cable anti-damage monitoring system based on optical sensing technology can realize the monitoring and identification of the external damage vibration signal， and the field application effect is better.