To test whether the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor can endure the steady-state inertial loads caused by the acceleration and the sensing properties during the loads, a FBG strain and temperature sensor with aluminium alloy substrate package was designed, and the acceleration performance on the sensor was tested. The sizes of FBG strain and temperature sensor were designed and its package process was described. The strain and temperature sensing mechanisms of FBG sensor were analyzed, and the spectrum detection and demodulation system based on volume phase grating and linear array photodetector was developed. Finally, the acceleration test equipment was established, and the acceleration performance test of the selected FBG strain and temperature sensor was carried out in accordance with the requirements and methods of GJB150.15A acceleration test. The experimental results show that in the 2 min performance test before and after the acceleration test, the wavelength offset is below to ±50 pm, and the change of light intensity is below to 0.3 V. In acceleration test, the maximum fluctuation of wavelength offset is ±7 pm, and the light intensity is in the range of 1.3 V～4.003 V. It is proved that the designed FBG sensor has the ability to endure the acceleration loads and has the good sensing performance during the acceleration loads.