To explore green and efficient methods for degrading pesticide residues in Chinese wolfberry, high-energy electron beam irradiation was applied to treat wolfberry samples contaminated with five pesticides: acetamiprid, imidachloprid, chlorpyrifos, carbofuran,and propargite. An ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method combined with QuEChERS was used to detect pesticide residues, while also investigating the effects of varying moisture contents on pesticide degradation. The results showed that, as the absorbed dose increased, the highest degradation rates of the five pesticides ranged from 12.9% to 41.3%. Acetamiprid achieved the highest degradation rate of 41.3% at 8 kGy. At the same absorbed dose, the degradation rate of acetamiprid increased with a decrease in its initial content in Chinese wolfberry. Imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, and carbofuran reached their peak degradation rates at 4 kGy, while acetamiprid's peak occurred at 10 kGy. When the absorbed dose was constant, acetamiprid degradation was positively correlated with the moisture content of Chinese wolfberry. In conclusion, high-energy electron beam irradiation effectively degraded pesticide residues in Chinese wolfberry, with degradation rates varying depending on the pesticide type. Furthermore, the degradation rate of acetamiprid significantly increased with higher moisture content in dried wolfberry.