To address the application requirements of piezoelectric transducers in low-temperature environments, this study investigates the electromechanical properties of three different piezoelectric materials: PZT-5 ceramics, 1-3 composites and PMN-PT relaxer single crystals. The materials were tested at frequencies of 4 MHz and 2.5 MHz, respectively, within a temperature range of 50-300 K. The experimental results reveal that the resonant frequency (F_s) and electromechanical coupling coefficient (K_t) of PZT ceramics and PMN-PT single crystals exhibit good temperature stability at low temperatures, with a rate of change below 10%. However, the F_s of 1-3 composites shifted toward higher frequencies by 17.0%, and K_t decreased by 24.4%. As temperature decreased, the dielectric properties of all piezoelectric materials declined, while the mechanical quality factors displayed varying trends. At low temperatures, piezoelectric materials exhibit reversible domain wall electrical charge “freezing”, providing important insights for selecting piezoelectric materials suitable for low-temperature transducer applications.