In recent years, laser cleaning technology has been gradually applied in the field of cultural relics protection. Nanosecond laser was used to clean the yellow layer (rust) and black layer (a mixture of CaSO4 or PbCO3 with dust) on the surface of ceramic relics. The ablation effect and cleaning effect of pollutants on ceramic surface were controlled by changing the laser power, scanning speed and frequency of cleaning. The optimum cleaning parameters of the two pollutants were explored by means of naked eye observation and laser scanning confocal microscope. The best cleaning parameters of two kinds of pollutants on the surface of ceramic cultural relics were obtained, providing data support for the restoration and protection of ceramic artifacts.