To evaluate and predict the performance of energy-transmitting aerospace quartz optical fibers in the space working environment (SWE), this study investigates their temperature variations. Using the finite element approach, a thermal simulation model for aerospace optical fibers was designed to analyze temperature changes under different initial temperatures, multiple working cycles, and various operational stages. Additionally, an 'operation-cooling' alternating working mode for aerospace optical fibers was proposed, considering both general and special working conditions. The experiment result reveals that the optimal mode within the designed modes can reduce the maximum equivalent temperature by 18.85 ℃ and the average equivalent temperature by 18.61 ℃ during operation, significantly enhancing the stability and reliability of aerospace optical fibers.