In order to improve the fatigue strength of the blade,the Ni-based superalloy laser shock peening (LSP) parameters and method are researched. After laser shock peening on the Ni-based superalloy(K417),the surface roughness,micro-hardness,and microscopic structure are analyzed,and the parameters are determined for LSP. Then the fatigue performance is tested by means of vibration fatigue test adopting the samples with the same groove in a turbine blade. The results indicate that LSP changes the surface roughness lightly,but increases the micro hardness evidently and the depth affected by LSP is up to 0.7 mm. The breadth at half height of the X-ray diffraction peak after LSP indicates that the plastic deformation occurres in the LSP part,and the dislocation density and micro-residual stress increase,which are advantageous to the fatigue performance. The vibration fatigue tests prove that the fatigue life with LSP is 1.67 times longer than that without LSP.