With the rapid development of the Internet of Things and embedded systems，low-cost and portable motion detection and tracking systems have shown important application value in fields such as security monitoring，smart homes，and industrial automation. A highly efficient motion detection and tracking system was designed and implemented based on the Raspberry Pi embedded platform and the OpenCV computer vision library. The overall architecture of the system and the embedded development framework are described. Combining OpenCV＇s image processing algorithms，the core technologies of motion detection and tracking are analyzed in detail，and the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified through mathematical formula derivation. The experimental results show that the system can achieve real-time and accurate detection and tracking of moving targets，providing a feasible technical solution for applications in related fields.