Using the dynamic load simulation method of DeST software, the hourly heating and cooling loads under different conditions are investigated, and the load calculation method for residential buildings applying the air-source heat pump cooling and heating system in hot summer and cold winter areas is proposed. The intermittent coefficients α and intra-house heat transfer q_h for different types of rooms are analyzed. The results show that, in summer, the living room with an area of 29-45 m² should have α set at 1.5 and q_h at 55 W/m², the bedroom with an area of 15-20 m² should have α set at 1.4 and q_h at 55 W/m², and the bedroom with an area of 8-15 m² should have α set at 1.0 and q_h at 60 W/m². In winter, the living room with an area of 29-45 m² should have α set at 2.0 and q_h at 40 W/m², the bedroom with an area of 15-20 m² should have α set at 1.6 and q_h at 40 W/m², and the bedroom with an area of 8-15 m² should have α set at 1.5 and q_h at 45 W/m². The total system load α should be set at 0.7 in summer and 1.1 in winter, with q_h set at 13 W/m² in summer and 12 W/m² in winter. Window-wall ratio and orientation correction values are provided, where rooms with a summer window-wall ratio greater than 0.3 should be reduced by 0.1 from the original recommended values, and north-facing rooms in winter should be reduced by 0.1 from the original recommended values.