Through a retrospective analysis of 116 myopic patients aged 8 to 16 years who had been fitted with orthokeratology lenses, the changes in axial length were evaluated 6, 12 and 18 months after wearing the lenses, aiming to explore the changes in axial length and influencing factors of children and adolescents of different ages who wore orthokeratology lenses with an aspheric base curve design. The results showed that axial length changes at 12 and 18 months were negatively correlated with baseline age (r=-0.32, P<0.05; r=-0.30, P<0.05) but not significantly associated with baseline spherical equivalent, the minimum and maximum corneal curvatures (P>0.05). Among 8-12-year-old patients, the older the age, the smaller the change in axial length 12 and 18 months after wearing the orthokeratology lenses. These findings suggested that axial elongation after wearing non-spherical base curve orthokeratology lenses decreased with increasing baseline age but showed no significant correlation with baseline spherical equivalent or corneal curvature parameters.