In order to solve the problem that communication between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in formation was susceptible to strong electromagnetic interference, the ultraviolet (UV) signal model was adopted to complete the information interaction of cluster UAVs to achieve the formation and positioning, combining the consistency theory with the wireless UV virtual potential field obstacle avoidance method, so as to make the UAV formation reach the consistency of speed, heading angle and flight attitude when gathering in the air, and to follow the UAVs as the relay node to enhance the probability of discovery by the adjacent UAVs. Improve the accuracy of formation. The wireless UV optical communication collaborative UAV relay assembly and formation method was proposed to achieve the rapid and accurate formation of UAV formation into the desired formation. The results show that the proposed method improves the communication reliability of UAV quadrilateral, pentagonal, and hexagonal formations by 7.69%, 9.41%, and 10.0%, respectively. This study provides some theoretical references for UAV formation assembly methods and inter-aircraft communication in UAV formations.