Morphological structure analysis of space target is significant for space missions, such as space defense, space operations, et al. A space object structure analysis method was presented. First, a shape decomposition method was constructed by combining the minimum components criterion, the shortest internal length criterion and target skeleton. Based on which, the wavelet-moment was introduced into the analysis of satellite components, and the effective features were selected by the rough set reduction algorithm. At last, a multi-scale shape recognizer was presented by support vector machine, and thus the structure of space target was analyzed. Experiments on simulation data show that the proposed algorithm is efficient.