A novel approach for achieving high-resolution, three-dimensional temperature measurement is proposed by utilizing optical coherence tomography. A mathematical model is developed based on the scattering properties of gas-phase flames for coherent measurement of the flame temperature field. Numerical simulations are conducted to generate three-dimensional temperature fields for Sandia Flame D at two different Reynolds numbers (Re=10 000, Re=20 000), and the feasibility of measuring the three-dimensional temperature field using optical coherence tomography is demonstrated under these simulation conditions. Specifically, the coherence length of optical coherence tomography is found to be shorter than the minimum scale of the flame for low turbulent flow rate flames, indicating that the proposed approach can successfully measure the three-dimensional temperature field distribution. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for utilizing optical coherence tomography to measure three-dimensional temperature fields.