The laser and pulse positon modulation (PPM) modulation technology as a whole is studied. The concept based on PPM characteristics of fiber laser is proposed. Theoretical research of single pulse energy, peak power, pulse width of the Q-switched fiber laser is studied, and characteristic curves between the pulse peak power of Q-switched fiber laser and the laser parameters are obtained through simulation. Combined with three PPM signal model analysises, the relationships between the transmission rate, the required power, the required bandwidth of the three PPM modes and laser parameters N are obtained. From the experiment modulation, the influences of the pumped current, the initial transmittance and the cavity length of the optical laser on the transmission rate and required bandwidth of the three PPM modes are concluded.