Aluminum powder can be used as a laser welding absorbent because of its good thermal physical properties, but the high reflectivity of aluminum needs to be incorporated into carbon black to enhance the absorption performance of the absorbent. In this paper, the laser transmission welding experiment of polycarbonate with aluminum powder absorption layer was carried out by using semiconductor laser. The main factors of different aluminum powder content of absorbent were combined. The welding process parameters were welded by orthogonal level method in combination with laser power and welding speed. The influence of the strength was optimized for the welding process parameters. The optimum process parameters were obtained, and the effects of different aluminum powder content absorbents on the weld morphology and joint strength were analyzed. The experimental results show that the aluminum powder content of the absorbent is 40 wt%, the welding power is 35 W, and the welding speed is 4 mm/s, the breaking force is the largest and the welding strength is the highest.