In order to study the effect of pulse energy and ablation crater overlap rate on the bonding strength of 7075-T6 aluminum substrate, a nanosecond fiber pulse laser was used to process the ablation crater array microstructure in the bonding area, and the bonding effect was analyzed based on the surface morphology, shear strength and fracture mode. The results show that the pulse energy has almost no effect on the surface morphology, shear strength, and fracture mode. As the overlap rate of ablation crater increases, the surface roughness first increases and then decreases, while the developed interfacial area ratio keeps increasing. Compared with the original material, the shear strength after laser treatment is increased by at least 150%. When the ablation crater overlap rate is 30%, the largest cohesive fracture area of the bonding area is obtained, and the most significant increasement of the shear strength is observed. When the pulse energy is 880μJ and the ablation crater overlap rate is 30%, the shear strength is 27.76MPa, which is the largest increasement. This study is helpful for improving the bonding strength of 7075-T6 by laser ablation.