Foodborne infections pose a substantial hazard to public health worldwide because they play a significant role in establishing and reemerging infectious illnesses. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a very toxic mycotoxin mainly present in contaminated cereal and poses a risk to human and animal health. With the widespread contamination of AFB1 in food and peoples increasing attention to food safety, a quick, accurate, and trustworthy technique for detecting AFB1 in food products is desperately needed. Optical biosensors combine biological-specific recognition elements and biological materials to convert biological reactions into measurable signals. Due to the advantages of fast detection, high sensitivity, and simple pre-processing, optical biosensors have broad application prospects in biological detection sensing. Therefore, in this work, we designed a dual-signal output aptamer sensor for quantitatively detecting AFB1 based on the fluorescence quenching capabilities of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR). The sensor design used auNPs shielded by AFB1-specific aptamers as signal probes. The competitive binding of AFB1 was subjected to cause the aptamers to separate from the AuNPs, allowing the exposed AuNPs to adsorb Rhodamine B Isothiocyanate (RBITC) quickly. Furthermore, the AuNPs aggregation and quenching of the fluorescence of RBITC were exploited to measure the optical index. The fluorescence of RBITC was restored by further oxidation and etching of the AuNPs using potassium ferricyanide (K［Fe(CN)6］) and potassium iodide (KI) solution, allowing for precise quantification of AFB1. The results revealed high precision as the developed sensor exhibited a wide detection range for AFB1, ranging from 0.000 1 to 1 ng·mL-1. During actual sample testing, recovery rates from the LSPR-based approach ranged from 95.6% to 105%, whereas recovery rates from fluorescence-based detection were between 92.3% and 118%. Using this novel approach for mycotoxin detection, the LSPR/fluorescence dual-signal aptamer sensor holds tremendous potential for the quick and on-site detection of AFB1, providing a useful instrument to improve food safety.