In order to investigate the temperature and refractive index (RI) sensing performances of optical fiber surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors with different heterogeneous core structures, reflective optical fiber SPR sensors based on multimode fiber (MMF)-single mode fiber (SMF), MMF-no core fiber (NCF), and MMF-hollow core fiber (HCF) structures were prepared respectively. By coating a temperature-sensitive film on approximately half of the surface of the optical fiber probe, the simultaneous measurements of the refractive index and temperature can be achieved. And the temperature and refractive index sensing characteristics of the three probes were compared and analyzed. In this paper, the finite element method was used to analyze the dual-parameter sensing principle of temperature and refractive index, and the sensing characteristics of the three structures of optical fiber probes were analyzed and compared by experimental methods. The experimental results show that among the three heterogeneous optical fiber probes, the HCF-based reflective SPR sensor has the best temperature and refractive index sensing performance. Within the temperature measurement range of 30—70 ℃, the temperature sensitivity is approximately -1.6045 nm/℃, while in the refractive index range of 1.331—1.37, its refractive index sensitivity reaches up to 1 945.46 nm/RIU.