Taking the counties along the Wuyi Mountain National Forest Trail (Fujian section) as a case area, this study constructs a tourism ecological security evaluation index system based on the DPSIR model and applies the SBM-DEA model to calculate the tourism ecological security index from 2014 to 2020. Furthermore, the study employs the standard deviation ellipse model and the obstacle-degree model to examine the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and main barrier factors of tourism ecological security in these counties. The results indicate that: (1) The average tourism ecological security index along the trail in these counties shows an “N”-shaped trend, with its centroid exhibiting a significant trajectory shift; (2) Tourism ecological security levels in these counties are primarily at the critical safety and very safe levels, with marked spatial differences; (3) The primary barrier factors affecting tourism ecological security in counties along the trail include the share of tourism revenue in GDP, total asset income of agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry, and the share of the tertiary industry in GDP.