This paper explores the application of selective laser melting (SLM) technology in the fabrication of innovative porous bone scaffolds, highlighting the advantages of such scaffolds in terms of designability and mechanical properties. Three types of regular cellular structures, VC (cylindrical connecting rod cube), SHC (spherical pore cube) and FCC (face centered cube), are constructed. Through finite element analysis of the relationship between the corresponding characteristic size, porosity and elastic modulus, the mathematical model between the characteristic size, porosity and elastic modulus of the three single cell models is established. It is clear that the three cell structures are suitable for the structural design of femur scaffolds within the optimized characteristic size range. In addition, SLM technology is used to print the 316L 5×5×5 lattice structure with the corresponding feature size cell as the primitive. The simulation results are verified by quasi-static compression test. Experimental results show that the average error between the actual and simulated elastic modulus of lattice structures with corresponding feature sizes is 14.8%, and the error decreases with the increase of the physical size of the structure, in which the single cell structure sizes are VC: r∈［0.28 mm, 0.32 mm］, SHC: d∈［2.24 mm, 2.36 mm, FCC: The lattice structure printed under the condition of R∈［0.20 mm, 0.24 mm］ meets the use requirements of femur scaffolds.