In order to quantify the structural characteristics of ancient porcelain glazes, seven texture characteristic parameters, which are used to describe the optical coherence tomographic (OCT) images of four typical plain enamel samples, are extracted based on image histogram and gray level co-occurrence matrix. The differences between the seven texture characteristic parameters of four kinds of glazes are obvious. The feasibility of glaze recognition scheme based on K-neighbor classification and quantitative analysis of texture feature parameters is certified by using an unknown sample. Experimental results show that seven characteristic parameters can characterize the glaze layer structure characteristics commendably. The glaze recognition scheme based on Kneighbor classification and quantitative analysis of texture feature parameters is feasible and promising.