This study proposes a fast and high-precision distance measurement method suitable for moving targets. By combining the sinusoidal reference time interval measurement method with the vernier clock controlled pulse emission technology, this method could achieve high-precision ranging for moving targets. The time-of-flight of a laser pulse from a range finder to a target is used as the initial value of the estimated distance; this value is measured using a sinusoidal signal as a reference. Using the vernier clock controlled pulse emission technology, the high-resolution measurement can be obtained by selecting a linear segment at zero point of the sinusoidal signal as the timing feature point. The high-accuracy ranging can be realized by averaging multi-pulse measurements based on the vernier moment corresponding to the timing feature point as the time of the fixed-point pulse emission. The experimental results show that for an average laser power of 1 mW, the range accuracy is ±(3 mm+2×10 ^-6×D), where D is the measured distance. Moreover, the measurement time is shortened to 5 ms within 300-m ranging without a cooperation target. The proposed system has a simple structure, is inexpensive, and can be easily implemented.