In order to study the influence of atmospheric turbulence on laser transmission characteristics with different wavelengths, the theoretical calculation was carried out by using MATLAB, and a turbulence simulation box was designed for experiment. The simulation results were compared with the experimental results for theoretical analysis and experimental verification. The intensity distribution of laser wavefront was observed and recorded. The beam drift and intensity fluctuation of different wavelength laser beams under the same atmospheric conditions were measured and analyzed. The effect of atmospheric turbulence on the polarization state of linearly polarized light was experimentally observed. The experimental results show that the intensity distribution of laser wavefront is easily affected with the enhancement of atmospheric turbulence. The intensity fluctuation of laser beam decreases with the increase of wavelength, and its variance is up to 2.79×10-2, the beam drift is independent of wavelength, and its variance is up to 9.11×10-12. Secondly, linearly polarized light is affected by turbulence effect, and its light intensity changes randomly, and its change degree is more intense with the increase of turbulence intensity. The experimental results are consistent with the atmospheric turbulence theory, which has a certain reference value for laser atmospheric transmission.