To solve the problems of low calibration accuracy and poor repeatability of traditional camera calibration methods, a camera calibration method based on sparrow search algorithm (SSA) is proposed. Firstly, the initial values of internal and external parameters of the camera are obtained by using the calibration toolbox in MATLAB software,and the running interval of SSA is determined based on the initial estimates. Then, the camera parameters in the determined interval are optimized by SSA, and a small average reprojection error is obtained. Finally, the results of the proposed calibration method are compared with those of calibration methods based on beetle antennae search algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm. It is found that the average reprojection error of the camera calibration method based on SSA is the smallest (0.0326 pixel) and the repeatability of the method is the best.