In order to further strengthen the protection measures for the operation of the optical cable, a dual-index scheme based on the distributed optical fiber vibration system for the equipment identification and vertical distance judgment of the optical cable external damage event is proposed. The fiber vibration signals in real time are acquired. The multiple features of time-frequency domain signals are analyzed. The key features such as the affected fiber section, frequency energy ratio, frequency peak value and distribution are extracted. The type of equipment and vertical distance of the incident of external optical cable breakage, the grading early warning of the vertical distance, and the effective activation of corresponding timely response are measured. The case shows that this scheme not only meets the recognition accuracy rate, but also ensures the recognition efficiency of the system, which has high practical application value.