Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 62, Issue 15, 1500002(2025)

Three-Dimensional Photonic Integrated Chips: Quantum Computation and Non-Classical Physics (Invited)

Ruiqi Wang1,2, Yuliang Tang1,2, and Yan Li1,2,3、*
Author Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • 2Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • 3Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, Anhui , China
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    Femtosecond laser fabrication technology enables high-precision three-dimensional (3D) direct writing, allowing the on-demand fabrication of 3D coupled waveguide systems for constructing 3D photonic integrated chips. This review summarizes recent advances in 3D photonic integrated chips based on femtosecond laser direct writing (FLDW) optical waveguides in the fields of photonic quantum computation and non-classical physics. For photonic quantum computation, this review highlights the logic gates for universal photonic quantum computation, quantum-walk-based specialized photonic quantum computation chips, and topologically protected photonic quantum computation chips. For non-classical physics, the review focuses on applications of 3D photonic integrated chips in nonreciprocal photonics, non-Hermitian physics, and non-Abelian physics, exhibiting the exceptional capabilities of 3D photonic integrated chips. Finally, key challenges faced by the practical application of FLDW 3D photonic integrated chips are analyzed and potential solutions for limited integration density, difficult gain implementation, poor tunability, and weak nonlinear response are proposed.

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    Ruiqi Wang, Yuliang Tang, Yan Li. Three-Dimensional Photonic Integrated Chips: Quantum Computation and Non-Classical Physics (Invited)[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2025, 62(15): 1500002

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    Paper Information

    Category: Reviews

    Received: Apr. 14, 2025

    Accepted: May. 28, 2025

    Published Online: Aug. 6, 2025

    The Author Email: Yan Li (li@pku.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/LOP250995

    CSTR:32186.14.LOP250995

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