The ability to analyze the spectra of 532 nm/354.7 nm backscatter signal of atmosphere for Mach-Zehdner interferometer is demonstrated. The Mach-Zehdner interferometer accepts return signal. The phase difference and interference contrast are measured, which are formed by the interferometer’s double arm, polarization and quadro-channels, and Doppler frequency shift of atmosphere and backscatter ratio of aerosol backscatter to molecular backscatter are derived. Transmitter laser can operate with multi-longitudinal mode, and Mie backscattering and Rayleigh backscattering analysis spectrograph is free from locking to laser frequency. Analysis method of simultaneous measurements atmosphere aerosol backscattering ratio profile and wind pro-file are also discussed. If Mach-Zehnder interferometer is employed as atmospheric backscatter signal’s fre-quency spectrum analyzer, this high spectral resolution lidar will become an atmosphere analysis instrument with excellent performance and anticipant prospect.