Fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor has the advantages of high detection sensitivity, fast response speed and real-time online monitoring, and has a good application prospect in biology, chemistry, medicine and other fields. However, the traditional single-channel fiber SPR sensor has only one sensing area and can only perform one single-point measurement, which greatly limits its further development and application. The multi-channel fiber SPR sensor can make up for the shortcomings of traditional single-channel fiber SPR sensor because of its large detection flux, many detection substances, realization of temperature compensation, and elimination of various non-specific responses. The research of multi-channel fiber SPR sensor is of great significance to improve the detection sensitivity and detection accuracy of traditional single-channel fiber SPR sensor and expand its application fields. First of all, the principle of fiber SPR sensor is introduced. Then, the research progress of multi-channel fiber SPR sensor in recent years is presented. At the end, the future research direction of multi-channel fiber SPR sensor is prospected. Multi-channel fiber SPR sensor with new structure, high performance and multi-application is an important development direction of multi-channel fiber SPR sensor in the future, and the integration of new materials and new processes will surely bring the development and application of multi-channel fiber SPR sensor to a new level.