Inorganic molybdate corrosion inhibitors have broad application prospects in conserving metal cultural relics due to their environmentally friendly, low-toxicity, and high-efficiency properties. This study used sodium molybdate solutions of varying concentrations to construct corrosion-inhibiting conversion films on bronze surfaces via chemical deposition. These films' composition, structure, and performance were systematically investigated using electrochemical testing and XPS depth profiling. Experimental results showed that after 1 day of immersion, the bronze sample treated with 0.2 mol·L^-1 sodium molybdate solution exhibited a relatively high corrosion inhibition efficiency of approximately 50%. In contrast, samples treated with lower concentrations (0.02 and 0.05 mol·L^-1) demonstrated lower efficiencies. With prolonged immersion, the inhibition efficiency of samples treated with 0.2 and 0.5 mol·L^-1 solutions gradually decreased, while those treated with 0.02 and 0.05 mol·L^-1 solutions initially increased before subsequently decreasing. XPS depth profiling analysis revealed that within the 1.25～5.00 μm depth range, redox reactions occurred, forming metal oxides such as SnO₂, CuO, Cu₂O, and MoO₂. Specifically, Cu exhibited a layered distribution, transitioning from an outer Cu₂O layer to an intermediate Cu₂O+CuO transition layer and finally to an inner CuO layer. Mo existed predominantly as $${\text{MoO}}_4^{2-}$$ in the outer film and gradually converted into a mixed form of $${\text{MoO}}_4^{2-}$$ and MoO₂ in the inner layers, with molybdate ions being reduced to MoO₂. Additionally, treated samples exhibited a noticeable color change due to the molybdenumblue phenomenon. After 3 days of immersion, the $\Delta E_{\text{Lab}}^{*}$ color difference of the sample treated with 0.2 mol·L^-1 sodium molybdate solution was approximately 25, whereas that of the sample treated with 0.5 mol·L^-1 solution was about 46. This study elucidates the chemical composition and structural characteristics of molybdate-based corrosion-inhibiting conversion films on bronze surfaces, providing valuable insights into their application in conserving metal cultural relics.