With the development of ultra-weak bioluminescence detection technology, more and more scholars have applied this technology to medical researches. Through analysis and summary, this paper found that ultra-weak bioluminescence can not only assist in disease diagnosis and evaluation of human skin status in modern medicine, but also be used in acupuncture and moxibustion, property of traditional Chinese medicine and medical treatment of TCM syndrome type. In addition, other parameters besides photon intensity involving Q value, compressed state parameter (SSI) and Fano factor, are introduced, and the changes of ultra-weak bioluminescence during emotion, motion and death are also summarized. Ultra-weak bioluminescence is widely used in medical field and has strong practicability. In order to have a more detailed understanding of ultra-weak bioluminescence in human body and show the development potential of ultra-weak bioluminescence in the medical field, this paper made a comprehensire review on the subject.