In this paper, a new type of pipeline metastructure is proposed. It’s axial vibration band gaps include both local resonance and Bragg scattering. The structure has two order band gap within 2 500 Hz, and the frequency range of the second order band gap is wide. The energy band structure distribution and finite-period structure transmission characteristics of the structure were calculated by the transfer matrix method and the finite element method respectively. A pipeline metastructure experimental platform with 4 cells was built to test the vibration, and the test data were compared with the calculation results. Finally, the influences of different parameters on the band gap distribution are discussed. The results show that there are two band gaps in the studied pipe metastructure within 2 500 Hz. The first order band gap is mainly local resonant band gap, which is greatly affected by the geometric dimensions of the boss and the vibrator, but less affected by the cell size. The second order band gap is mainly Bragg scattering band gap, and the width of which could reach 923 Hz. The band gap distribution varies with the cell length, boss length and oscillator thickness. The reasonable design of the geometric dimensions of each part of the structure can meet the needs of vibration suppression in specific frequency bands in the project.